The Helmholtz free energy of effective metals [alpha] * [beta] ([alpha] = Cu, Au; [beta] = 1,2) is calculated by the SMM analogously as for pure metals [9] and is equal to
Assuming that the process is isothermal, gas in the bubble is ideal, and volume and temperature change of the system is negligible, Helmholtz free energy change, [Delta]F, is given as
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