Hemothorax accounts for 10% of the DeBakey type III dissection mostly followed by aortic ruptures and is often located on the left.
We reserve VATS for only patients with catamenial pneumothorax, catamenial
hemothorax, hemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules, defined as Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome.
Complication * Rate(%) (a) Pneumothorax 11 (28%) Mild (b) 6 (15%) Severe (c) 5 (13%) Chest pain 8 (21%) Fever 2 (5%)
Hemothorax 0 Hemoptysis 0 Pleural effusion 0 * Classification consisted of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 [29].
Caption: FIGURE 1: Chest X-ray shows a moderate-sized right pleural effusion (arrow), which was later confirmed to be a
hemothorax.
Additionally, a patient had a delayed
hemothorax after cryobiopsy.
The severity of clinical signs depended on size, type and location of foreign bodies and duration of obstruction, presence or absence of a stricture or a wall perforation, pneumothorax, pleuritis, pneumomediastinum,
hemothorax and/or pyothorax (Gienella et al, 2009).
Visualized disruption of the pericardium, ventricular herniation, and/or
hemothorax may be seen with pericardial injury/rupture.
Acute surgical complications include the following: pain, bleeding, pneumothorax,
hemothorax, cardiac perforation with or without pericardial effusion and tamponade (sometimes requiring urgent drainage).
The hospital stay is more prolonged in patients with associated trauma, because, these patients suffered any fractures and/or
hemothorax, neumothorax and these injuries need specific treatment.
By yesterday morning, a repeat CT scan had been done, wherein his left lung showed "pneumothorax or air in thoracic cavity over
hemothorax. Pneumonia on left lung base," Fortun said.