Pope, "Characterization of the antigenic, immunogenic, and pathogenic variation of
infectious bursal disease virus due to propagation in different host systems (bursa, embryo, and cell culture).
TABLE 1 EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS ON ANIMAL VIRUSES Species Viruses Evidence Poultry Avian Reovirus In vitro
Infectious bursal disease virus In vitro Newcastle disease virus In vitro Bovines Rotavirus In vivo Porcines Swine herpesvirus 1 In vitro Dogs Canine adenovirus type 2 In vitro Cats Feline calicivirus In vitro Species References Poultry Hegazi, 2001.
Berg, "Acute
infectious bursal disease in poultry: a review," Avian Pathology, 2000, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10 .1080/03079450050045431.
Bursa of Fabricius (BF) samples was aseptically collected from suspected
infectious bursal disease outbreaks in layers, broilers, and indigenous chickens in Kenya.
"Genetic Characterization of Very Virulent
Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses from Latin America".
Out of 148 layer flocks 18,11,2,3 layer flocks were affected with Newcastle disease,
infectious bursal disease, hydropericardium syndrome and fowl pox in layer flocks was 12.16%, 7.43%, 1.35%, 2.20% respectively.
A 1990 survey of backyard flocks in close proximity to commercial poultry facilities in California revealed seropositivity for several highly transmissible diseases, including Mycoplasma species, Salmonella pullorum, Newcastle disease virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, Bordetella avium, hemorrhagic enteritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus and also
infectious bursal disease virus, which can cause significant disease and decreased productivity in commercial birds.
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) belongs to the family of Birnaviridae, which consists of naked viruses characterized by a bi-segmented, double strand RNA genome and is the causative agent of a highly infectious disease affecting young chickens (Gumbro disease) (1).
Ascorbic acid supplementation improved antibody response to
infectious bursal disease vaccination M chickens.
Antibody detection in matched chicken sera and egg-yolk samples by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay kits for Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus,
infectious bursal disease virus, and avian reovirus.