Potential endocrine disruption of sexual development in free ranging male
Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) and Green Frogs (Rana clamitans) from areas of intensive row crop agriculture.
We examined how a common fungicide, chlorothalonil, affects development in larval
northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in conjunction with atrazine and increased nitrate concentrations in laboratory containers.
The leopard frogs in Michigan are part of the eastern clade of
Northern Leopard frogs that separated from the western clade about 2 million years ago.
Like other Rana, the
northern leopard frog occurs in the vicinity of permanent water but can also be observed crossing roads or land, enroute to a new pond.
In southeast Idaho,
northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) populations have declined dramatically in the past few decades.
Seburn et al.'s chapter "
Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) dispersal in relation to habitat," Graham J.
In Alberta, Canada, the
northern leopard frog became so rare that the government distributed "Wanted" posters asking, "Have you seen this frog?" Today, most frogs captured for dissection here are collected in the U.S., in Canada, in Mexico's coastal plains, and as far away as Africa and Indonesia.
A sample of Lithobates pipiens (
Northern Leopard Frog) was used as a positive control.
Additional amphibians that could occur at the IIA properties by virtue of their range and habitat preference, but were not observed during our survey, include: mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus), Jefferson's salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum), eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens),
northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), and wood frog (Rana sylvatica).
Nine species were regarded as potentially present, four state endangered and five state special concern species, respectively: the northern crawfish frog (Rana areolata), four-toed salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum), eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum), Kirtland's snake (Clonophis kirtlandii),
northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), plains leopard frog (Rana blairi), mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus), western ribbon snake (Thamnophis proximus), and rough green snake (Opheodrys aestivus).
The
northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, was reported at the site in 1984 (Indiana Department of Natural Resources 1992).
Separately, University of Ottawa scientists teamed up with colleagues at two federal agencies in Canada to study atrazine's effects on
northern leopard frogs. The team collected fertilized eggs from local ponds, incubated them until hatching, and then transplanted the tadpoles into 378-liter outdoor pools.