The intracellular [Ca.sup.2+]-cycling proteins located in the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), such as the L-type [Ca.sup.2+] channel, SR [Ca.sup.2+]ATPase (SERCA2a),
phospholamban (PLB), calsequestrin (CSQ), ryanodine receptor (RYR), and Na+/[Ca.sup.2+] exchanger (NCX), are important in the regulation of myocardial contraction and relaxation by controlling calcium transient homeostasis (12,13).
Human
phospholamban null results in lethal dilated cardiomyopathy revealing a critical difference between mouse and human.
Therefore, a systematic evaluation of [Ca.sup.2+]-handling proteins (e.g., SERCA2a, RyR2), and proteins regulating their function (e.g.,
phospholamban, [Ca.sup.2+]/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) after 12 or more wk of SHS exposure will be an important area for future study.
For individual 1083, calmodulin 3 (CALM3) and
phospholamban (PLN) were differentially expressed following treatment with isoproterenol.
The expression level of MYL3, TNNC1, and
phospholamban (PLN) transcripts were higher (<20 folds) than those of undifferentiated QM7 cells while the transcription levels of MYL1, CAV3, calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) were dramatically increased ranging from 90 to 200 fold during muscle differentiation process (Figure 5).
described the generation of hiPSCs with a mutation in the coding region of the
phospholamban gene (R14del) that is associated with cardiomyopathy, ventricular dilation, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure [11].
Jeong et al., "Echinochrome A regulates phosphorylation of
phospholamban Ser16 and Thr17 suppressing cardiac SERCA2A Ca2+ reuptake," Pflugers Archiv --European Journal of Physiology, vol.
Other types of mutations characteristic for ARVC are seen in atypical types of disease, involving non-desmosomal proteins, such as desmin (DES), transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), lamin-A/C (LMNA), titin (TTN),
phospholamban (PLN), and [alpha]-T-catenin (CTNNA3) [11, 20, 32].
Total RNA was extracted from liver and heart tissues, reverse transcribed and quantified to evaluate the expression of the cardiac and liver Troponin (TNT) and
Phospholamban (PLN) genes.