compared gene expression profile of 21 PCNSLs with purified normal GC and non-GC B-cells and showed that tumor cells had not reached the post-GC B-cell stage, but they were more closely related to memory B-cell than to GC B-cell, which suggested PCNSL derived from a late GC B-cell.[sup][21] These findings, combined with the presence of ongoing immunoglobulin gene
somatic hypermutation and absence of immunoglobulin class switch recombination, manifest that tumor cells of PCNSL derive from a late GC or early-post-GC origin.[sup][22],[23],[24] However, a number of studies have discovered that the prognostic value of dividing PCNSL into GCB and ABC subgroup is not as significant as that in systemic DLBCL.
RS cells show
somatic hypermutation in the IgHV gene and since these mutations occur in the proliferating B-cells in germinal centers (GC), they are recognized to arise from GC or postGC B-cells.
B cell diversity may be observed to exceed that of T cells, (3) possibly due to mechanisms of
somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation whereby B cells can undergo additional genetic changes in response to a ligand binding stimulus.
Two subsets of CLL can be determined based on the presence or absence (unmutated, >98% homology with germline) of
somatic hypermutation by molecular sequencing methods.
AnaptysBio is focused on the generation of antibody therapeutics and is engaged in the use of
somatic hypermutation (SHM) for antibody discovery and optimization.
However, some lower eukaryotes that evolved before the emergence of immunity also possess specialised polymerases, indicating that they did not all evolve primarily to support
somatic hypermutation or class switching.
Epidemiological evidence and indirect molecular findings from immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene studies suggest that chronic persistent antigen stimulation constitutes a significant pathogenetic mechanism of thyroid NHL (6), (7) Aberrant activity of
somatic hypermutation is another mechanism which may contribute to the development of lymphoid malignancies by causing genetic instability and favouring chromosomal translocation (8).
Prior to this research, the main theory to explain the origins of lymphoma was the malfunction of a mechanism (
somatic hypermutation) used by B-cells to modify the genes coding for antibodies.
Somatic hypermutation and receptor editing balance the exploitation of the best solutions with the exploration of the search space.
Aberrant
somatic hypermutation in tumor cells of nodular-lymphocyte-predominant and classic Hodgkin lymphoma.
Muira and Nakano (no affiliations given) have edited these articles on such topics as
somatic hypermutation, structural chromosomal aberrations and the mechanics of discrimination in DNA repair.