Histological features include primary growth (PG) oocytes; cortical alveolus stage (CA) oocytes; primary (Vtg1), secondary (Vtg2), and tertiary vitellogenic (Vtg3) oocytes; atretic (A) follicles or eggs; oocyte maturation (OM);
germinal vesicle maturation (GVM);
germinal vesicle breakdown (GMBD); and postovulatory follicles (POFs).
Maturation rate, in vitro fertilization (IVF) success, and developmental competence at the blastocyst stage in mouse oocytes IVF GV oocytes PB success Blastocyst Group (N) N (%) N (%) N (%) [alpha]-MEM 264 180 (68.18) 125 (69.44) 64 (51.2) ESCM 603 390 (64.67) 240 (61.53) 84 (35) ESGM 332 107 (32.22) 0 (0.0) - p-value - 0.000 0.000 0.0039 GV:
Germinal vesicle oocyte; PB: First polar body; Metaphase II (MII); [alpha]-MEM: [alpha]-minimum essential medium; ESCM: Embryonic stem cell conditioned medium; ESGM: Embryonic stem cell growth medium.
Egr3, early growth response protein 3; MI, metaphase I; GV,
germinal vesicle; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine.
(1998) Mitogen activated protein kinase translocates into the
germinal vesicle and induces
germinal vesicle breakdown in porcine oocytes.
Oocyte meiotic process can be observed through the nucleus in the form of phase transformation:
Germinal vesicle [GV],
germinal vesicle Break Down [GVBD], Metaphase I [MI] to Metaphase n-[M-II].
In vitro maturation and fertilization of goat oocytes vitrified at
germinal vesicle stage.
Based on the experimental group, 18 or 36 hr after the onset of cultivation, the maturation status of the oocytes in each group was examined and classified as GV,
germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) or metaphase II (MII) while MII oocytes were submitted to IVF.
Conversely, nemertean oocytes remain immature with an intact
germinal vesicle when treated with calcium-free seawater (CaFSW) (Fig.
The intact
germinal vesicle in mature oocytes indicates that they are not physiologically mature.
Mature follicles were recognized as being enlarged, containing a well-defined
germinal vesicle, and darkened, i.e., the darkening arising from the formation of yolk in the ovum.
FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; AMH: Anti-Mullerian hormone; AFC: Antral follicular count Table 2: Comparison of the stimulation data and the number and quality of oocytes and embryos and also the ART outcomes between the case and control groups Melatonin Group (n=32) Stimulation duration (d) 11[+ or -]2.3 Estradiol on HCG injection day (pg/mL) 2133[+ or -]1272 Human menopausal gonadotropin dose (IU) 3975[+ or -]1269 Oocytes in
germinal vesicle stage 3[+ or -]1 Oocytes in maturation stage I (MI) 2.5[+ or -]2.6 Oocytes in maturation stage II (MII) 5.38[+ or -]2.37 No.
The nucleus (or
germinal vesicle) is usually situated at the center of the oocyte.