de Castro, "Anaplastic carcinoma and
toxic multinodular goiter: an unusual presentation," European Thyroid Journal, 2014.
The risk factors for malignancy in surgically treated patients for Graves' disease,
toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma.
Propylthiouracil is prescribed for patients diagnosed with Graves' disease with hyperthyroidism or
toxic multinodular goiter who cannot tolerate methimazole (U.S.
Toxic nodular goiter with toxic adenoma and
toxic multinodular goiter. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998; 27: 151-68.
The use of radioiodine [sup.131]I has continued to remain as mainstay of therapy for hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease,
toxic multinodular goiter and autonomous toxic nodule.
For the purpose of further analysis, patients with solitary toxic adenoma and
toxic multinodular goiter were combined into a toxic nodular goiter group.
Christianson saw four patients who had developed thyroid disease (two with
toxic multinodular goiter, one with Graves' disease, and one with hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis) after starting high-dose iodine.