The vancomycin
volume of distribution observed in the present study is lower than reported in the Malaysian and Thai populations, but similar to the reported Vc in Spain.
Because the
volume of distribution for norfentanyl was unknown, and therefore, fixed at 100 L for evaluation, the absolute values of clearance of fentanyl by metabolism to norfentanyl (CLparent2met) and the clearance of norfentanyl (CLmet) cannot be used for comparison with other species.
PK parameters 3.5 mg/kg dose (Mean [+ or -] SD) Control (n = 5) Pregnant (n = 5) AUC ([micro][g*hr/mL) 8690 [+ or -] 2418 3563 [+ or -] 2500 CL (mL/hr per kg) 0.4 [+ or -] 0.2 1.4 [+ or -] 0.9 Half-life (hours) 107 [+ or -] 24 108 [+ or -] 40 MRT (hours) 53 [+ or -] 4 35 [+ or -] 15 [V.sub.ss] (mL/kg) 23 [+ or -] 9 41 [+ or -] 11 PK parameters 7.0 mg/kg dose (Mean [+ or -] SD) Control (n = 5) Pregnant (n = 5) AUC ([micro][g*hr/mL) 12522 [+ or -] 3309 8100 [+ or -] 2393 CL (mL/hr per kg) 0.6 [+ or -] 0.2 1 [+ or -] 0.4 Half-life (hours) 114 [+ or -] 58 60 [+ or -] 23 MRT (hours) 46 [+ or -] 4 35 [+ or -] 14 [V.sub.ss] (mL/kg) 27 [+ or -] 6 30 [+ or -] 5 AUC: area under the curve; CL: clearance; MRT: mean residence time; [V.sub.ss]:
volume of distribution at steady state.
Renal damage changed the profile of levofloxacin pharmacokinetics as seen in the increased AUC, prolonged half-life, and MRT and decreased both
volume of distribution ([Vd.sub.ss]) and total body clearance ([Cl.sub.tot]).
The ability to process the alcohol decreases with age and the
volume of distribution: There's more fat and less muscle," said Dr.
Thus, with intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetics are described by the parameter's clearance and
volume of distribution. Because our aim is to achieve a constant area under the curve (AUC) for all patients, the clearance of busulfan is the most important parameter.
where f is the fraction of PFOA absorbed, Q is the daily water intake (liters per day), k is the first-order rate constant for PFOA eliminarion ([day.sup.-1]; k = 0.693/[t.sub.1/2], where [t.sub.1/2] is the half-life), and [V.sub.d] is the apparent
volume of distribution (liters).
The mean + SEM values of pharmacokinetic parameters viz area under curve (AUC), steady state
volume of distribution (VDss), half-life(t 1/2), mean residence time (MRT) and clearance (Cl), determined in horses were 25.43+-1.07 mg h mL[?] 1, 0.267+-0.014 L kg-1, 8.17+-0.03 h, 11.4+-0.08 h and 0.023+-0.005 L h[?] 1 kg[?] 1 respectively.
AUC0-8, total area under plasma concentration time curve; AUMC0- 8, total area under the first moment curve; Ka, absorption rate constant; Cmax, maximum plasma drug concentration; Cl, total body clearance of diclofenac potassium; MAT, mean absorption time and t1/2a, absorption half life; Tmax, time to reach maximum plasma drug concentration; MRT, mean retention time; Ke, elimination rate constant; t1/2ss, elimination half life; Vd,
volume of distribution and Vss, volume at steady state.
Initial volume of a drug before it reaches the
volume of distribution: pharmacokinetics of F[(ab').sub.2] antivenoms and other drugs.