INSTIs have also been studied in combination with
3TC: The PADDLE study (n=20) was a small pilot study exploring DTG and
3TC as first-line therapy in treatment-naive subjects (22).
The most common cART regimens were ABC +
3TC + EFV (n=165, 32.9%) and TDF + FTC + EFV (n=116, 23.2%) (Table 2).
Besides,1(2.3%) 7-year-old boy who was on
3TC, ZDV and NVP since 4 years (initially given nelfinavir for 1 year) and also completed therapy for TB.
This is important since the prevalence of HBV infection is high among HIV-infected individuals in China,[sup][7],[8] and that co-infection of HBV with HIV complicates the clinical course, management and may also adversely affect therapy for HIV infection.[sup][14] Although both TDF and
3TC can be used to treat both HBV and HIV, studies on the effect of TDF and
3TC on naive patients with HBV and HIV co-infections are rare.
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Study subjects received HAART as per the NACO guidelines, consisting of zidovudine (AZT) (300 mg BID)/stavudine (d4T) (30 mg BID)+lamivudine (
3TC) (150 mg BID)+nevirapine (NVP) (200 mg OD)/efavirenz (EFV) (600 mg OD).
* Patients who are receiving TDF,
3TC and EFV as single drugs can be changed to the FDC at their next dispensing or medical visit.
These ART drugs with dual activity against HBV and HIV are; Lamivudine (
3TC), Tenofovir (TDF), Emtricitabine (FTC), and Etravirine.
p-value Sex, no., and % Women 974 (67) Men 484 (33) WHO HIV disease stage Stage I/II Women 225 (29) 0.006 Men 76 (20) Stage III Women 347 (44) Men 192 (50) Stage IV Women 212 (27) Men 113 (30) Missing data 293 (20) Female regimens NVP-3TC-D4T/AZT/TDF 760 (78) 0.088 EFV-3TC-D4T/AZT/TDF 201 (21) Triple NRTI 0 -- PI-based 0 -- Unknown 0 -- Other 13 (1) Male regimens NVP-3TC-D4T/AZT/TDF 357 (74) EFV-3TC-D4T/AZT/TDF 122 (25) Triple NRTI 0 -- PI-based 1 (<1) Unknown 0 -- Other 974 (1) Abbreviations: WHO = World Health Organization; NVP = nevirapine; EFV = efavirenz;
3TC = lamivudine; D4T = stavudine; AZT = zidovudine; TDF = tenofovir; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI = protease inhibitor.
Among the NRTI drugs were biovir (ATC), composed by the combination of 300mg zidovudine (AZT) and 150mg lamivudine (
3TC), 400 mg enteric didanosine (DDI400), 300mg tenofovir (TDF) and 150mg lamivudine (
3TC).
The NRTI backbone can be a combination of tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (
3TC), or emtricitabine (FTC), or AZT and
3TC (Table II).
* Altered second-line ART for adults, centering on removal of didanosine (ddI) and recycling of lamivudine (
3TC).