As mentioned, AQP1 was regulated by AMPK mediating
AICAR. It also was reported that a gut peptide stimulating appetite, ghrelin decreased AMPK activation and increased metabolic enzymes transcript levels in the liver of rats (Kola et al., 2005).
Marette, "The AMPactivated protein kinase activator
AICAR does not induce GLUT4 translocation to transverse tubules but stimulates glucose uptake and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases alpha and beta in skeletal muscle," FASEB Journal, vol.
In Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-salt diet, the expression of p- AMPK was lower than that in the normal diet group but was increased by
AICAR [19].
We focused on the effects of AMPK-mediated signaling and the NF-[kappa]B pathway as well as the MAPK-related signaling in cholestatic liver diseases and evaluated the protective role of
AICAR against hepatic injury and fibrosis triggered by cholestasis-related inflammation.
We previously reported that activation of endogenous AMPK by 2,4-dinitrophenol or
AICAR significantly decreases the release of MCP-1 from mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes [13].
Next, we investigated whether increased AMPK activation by
AICAR upregulated AMPK protein expression, with or without MDI treatment.
To test if reversible acetylation of [epsilon]-amino groups on lysine residue plays a role in postmortem glycolysis, mice were intraperitoneally injected with
AICAR, HAT, or HDAC inhibitors before slaughter and their effects on glycolysis in postmortem muscle were investigated.
Mervaala, "AMPK activator
AICAR ameliorates ischaemia reperfusion injury in the rat kidney," British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.
Kumagai, "Effects of chronic
AICAR treatment on fiber composition, enzyme activity, UCP3, and PGC-1 in rat muscles," Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.:1985), vol.
Young, "Translocation of myocardial GLUT-4 and increased glucose uptake through activation of AMPK by
AICAR," The American Journal of Physiology, vol.
A previous investigation explained that the decrease in IL-1[beta] levels with MTX is due to the inhibitory effect of MTX on 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (
AICAR) transformylase (ATIC).
(2010) Central role of nitric oxide synthase in
AICAR and caffeine-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in L6 myocytes.