Caption: Figure 2: Liver deposit of anaphylatoxins C3a,
C5a, and C5b/9 (MAC): (a) percentage of the area marked with anaphylatoxins in healthy subjects (HS) and acute liver failure (ALF) samples of liver tissue; (b-g) immunofluorescence assay (IFA) of liver samples tested for [alpha]C3a (b, e), [alpha]C5a (c, f), and [alpha]C5b/9 (d, g); the yellow underlined figures are from healthy subjects (b, c, d); the red underlined figures are from acute liver failure patients (e, f, g).
C5a peptidase, equisimilis glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hyaluronidase Species Origin References S.
Expression of the
C5a receptor (CD88) on granulocytes and monocytes in patients with severe sepsis.
Webster, "Gc-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) enhances the neutrophil chemotactic activity of
C5a and
C5a des Arg," Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.
Kew, "CD44 and annexin A2 mediate the
C5a chemotactic cofactor function of the vitamin D binding protein," Journal of Immunology, vol.
C3a, C4a and
C5a, known as anaphylatoxins, can release vasoactive amines and lysosomal enzymes, enhance vascular permeability, and cause smooth muscle to contract (Guo and Ward 2005).
It was shown in a previous study (22) that simultaneously reducing circulating endotoxin, IL6 and
C5a levels by selective immunoadsorption reverses monocyte deactivation and improves organ function in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
Anaphylatoxins, mainly
C5a, signal via the MEK kinase cascade, and both engage in cross-talk via NF kappa B.
Inactivation of C3a and
C5a octapeptides by carboxypeptidase R and carboxypeptidase N.
The peptide is designed to bind complement component 5 (C5) with sub-nanomolar affinity and allosterically inhibit its cleavage into
C5a and C5b upon activation of the classical, alternative, or lectin pathways.
Piper Jaffray analyst Edward Tenthoff lowered his price target for ChemoCentryx (CCRX) to $17 from $20 after its competitor InflaRx (IFRX) reported negative Phase IIb data for
C5a antibody IFX-1 to treat moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa.