(23.)
EXTOXNET. Extension Toxicology Network Pesticide Information Profiles: Trifluralin, 1996b.
Coupled with this is the incidence mortality recorded on some predators that have ingested poisoned baits resulting from misuse and deliberate abuse of the pesticide by some farmers (EXTOXNET 1996; Otieno et al., 2010).
Berlin, Heidelberg and Newyork, Springer-Velag EXTOXNET, 1996.
Extension Toxicology Network (
Extoxnet) 2008
EXTOXNET Global Search and Browse, http://extoxnet.orst.edu/ghindex.
EXTOXNET. Pesticide Information Profiles, Available at: http:// ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/ghindex.html
Those advocating their use habitually fail to mention that both are accompanied by a "synergist," which is defined by the Extension Toxicology Network (
EXTOXNET) as "chemical agents used to enhance the killing power of the active ingredients." For both permethrin and sumithrin, the synergist piperonyl butoxide (P130) is added.
2001) and information in public databases [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) 2002; Extension Toxicology Network (
EXTOXNET) 2002; National Center for Biotechnology Information 2002].
It is noteworthy that our literature search found no reports of serious adverse effects on humans [data obtained from the National Library of Medicine (NLM 2006), PubMed (2007), Toxnet (2006), and the EXtension TOXicology NETwork (
EXTOXNET 2007)].
Following oral dosage in studies with rats and mice, peak serum concentrations are reached within 24-48 hr, with most of the compound cleared from the body within 8 days (EXTOXNET 1996a).
Less soluble than dicofol, endosulfan breaks down in soil and water over periods of weeks to months (EXTOXNET 1996b).
EPA 2002) and/or xenoestrogens (Illinois EPA 1997; National Toxicology Program 2001;
EXTOXNET 1998).
However, the number of exposed individuals is larger if we consider that this pyrethroid is also used in agriculture and in household insecticides (
EXTOXNET 2003).