Following the field seasons at VOYA and GRPO, we grouped the plots into predefined habitat types, based on the forest type assigned while at the site, as determined by the Kotar system.
For GRPO and VOYA, we used values defined for the province of Ontario (Oldham et al., 1995) because Minnesota does not have defined COC values for terrestrial plant species.
Parkwide mFQI mean values ranged from 4.564 to 5.254 (Table 2); there was some variation in mFQI values between habitats within a park, except at GRPO where all plots were classified as the same habitat type.
Within all four ecological traits, the relative proportion of species in the respective categories was comparable at GRPO, ISRO, and VOYA (Figs.