Pitkanen et al., 1988;
HELCOM, 1991; Kauppila et al., 2001).
The same was said for the relevant regional conventions (OSPAR,
HELCOM, Barcelona).
Lehtonen, 1973; Voipio et al., 1977; Tervo et al., 1980; Perttila et al., 1982), followed by attempts at its monitoring, mainly in the muscle tissue of herring and in the liver of cod, for the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission,
HELCOM) by some Baltic national research institutes, e.g.
At the end of the conference the participants will be asked to define the priorities in ensuring the future of the Baltic Sea and to suggest a political approach to address the particular regional issues within the
Helcom framework.
Muscles and liver of fish are considered to be sensitive and selective bio-monitors of trace metals of the aquatic ecosystems (OSPAR, 2009;
HELCOM, 2010; Bignert et al., 2011).
At this 26th annual
HELCOM meeting, member countries adopted the following anti-pollution recommendations for the Baltic Sea:
It is already planning the adoption of the Council's conclusions on the thematic strategy, but will proceed cautiously with the 'directive' expecting that lots of difficulties particularly in terms of defining the criteria for the quality of the marine environment, relationships with existing bodies (the Helsinki Commission -
HELCOM and the OSPAR Commission) and the directive's relation to the framework directive on water and the 'Birds' and 'Habitats' Directives.
The report is based on data supplied by the AMAP,
Helcom, OSPAR, UNEP/MAP and MEDPOL international maritime conventions, and by EEA services.
The phytobenthos and zooplankton sampling and sample analysis follow the guidelines developed for the
HELCOM COMBINE programme (
HELCOM, 2012).