Unions of professional union employees were subsequently formed in the 1950s within the International Union of Electronic Workers (IUE), the American Newspaper Guild, the AFLCIO, the International Chemical Workers Union (ICWU), the Textile Workers Union (TWU), and AFSCME.
Staff unions representing employees of the IUE, the ICWU, the AFT, and the Newspaper Guild, as well as the group attempting to organize the employees of the ILGWU, also participated.