Several host cytoskeletal proteins are involved in tail formation, including [Alpha]-actinin (48), filamin (59), fimbrin (59), vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) (60), vinculin (49,61), and neural-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) (63).
Recently, N-WASP was shown to be required for Shigella motility (62); like vinculin, it can bind IcsA directly.