This fact is due to the presence of highly-chlorinated congener
OCDD and also because of elevated concentrations of furans (Table 4).
Larus dominicanus Elements Concentration WHO TEF (birds) Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) 2378-TCDD 1.3 (ND - 6.5) 1.3 12378-PeCDD 7 (1.4 - 12.6) 7.0 123478-HxCDD 17 (7 - 39) 0.85 123678-HxCDD 5 (ND - 12) 0.05 123789-HxCDD 11 (5 - 33) 1.1 1234678-HpCDD 48 (11 - 82) 0.048
OCDD 192 (22 - 301) 0.0192 2378-TCDF 0.41 (ND - 5) 0.41 12378-PeCDF 28 (12 - 35) 2.8 23478-PeCDF 2.2 (2 - 13) 2.2 123478-HxCDF 9.6 (5 - 24) 0.96 123678-HxCDF 6 (ND - 14) 0.6 1234789-HxCDF 5 (4- 18) 0.5 234678-HxCDF 7 (0.7 - 12) 0.7 1234678-HpCDF 13 (4 - 33) 0.13 1234789-HpCDF 11 (8 - 22) 0.11 OCDF 12 (3 - 28) 0.0012 [SIGMA] = 375.51 [SIGMA] = 18.78
The dioxin and furan congeners thought to be most toxic to humans are the seven dioxins (including
OCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD) and 10 furans with chlorines occupying at least the 2,3,7, and 8 positions (Figure 1).
OCDD is very insoluble, and therefore difficult for the body to absorb, Birnbaum says.
TEQ values were calculated using seven mono- and non-ortho-substituted dioxin-like PCBs (PCBs 126, 169, 105, 118, 156, 157, 189) and
OCDD as described by Van den Berg et al.
Abbreviations: DDE, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; HpCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; HpCDF1, 2,3,4,6,7, 8-heptachloro-dibenzofuran; HxCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; HxCDF, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran;
OCDD, octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; OCDF, octachlorodibenzofuran; PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether; TCDD, 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TCDF, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.
When we entered thyroid volume as the dependent variable and concentrations of the seven most toxic PCDD congeners [TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated CDD (PeCDD), 1.2.3.4.7.8-HxCDD, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 1.2.3.7.8.9-HxCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-chlorinated CDD (HpCDD), and octa-chlorinated CDD (
OCDD)] as independent variables, cross-tabulation for samples > LOD reduced the number of individuals to an insufficient 25.
2006
OCDD Michalek and Pavuk 2008 TCDD Sweeny et al.
These concentrations were used to estimate past exposures to TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins including 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (14HxCDD), 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (16HxCDD), 1,2,3,7,8,9- hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (19HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD), and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (
OCDD) (Collins et al.
100 0.8 26.8 5',6 -nonachlorobiphenyl) (20.8-35.2) PCB-209 (2,2',3.3',4,4',5,5' 100 1.2 26.2 ,6,6'-decachlorobiphenyl) (19.6-34.7)
OCDD 80.6 1.4 2.6 (1.4-4.2) OC pesticides HCB 98.6 89.1 253.6 (189.1 336.5) cis-Chlordane 9.6 - <L0D trans-Chlordane 3.4 - <L0D trans-Nonachlordane 100 5.9 139.6 (TNC) (91.6-211.4) DDE 100 11.5 1859.8 (1024.0-3472.1) BDE-47 (2,2',4,4' 77.2 9.2 12.6 -tetra-bromodiphenyi ether) (9.0-19.5) (a.) Dioxin-like PCB (mono-ortho substituted).
In addition, because results near the limit of detection (LOD) are subject to greater uncertainty, we limited the analyses to chemicals that were detected in all participants for serum and milk [bromodiphenyl ether (BDE) 47 and 100; hexachlorobenzene (HCB); trans-nonachlor; 1,1 -dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloro-phenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE); 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT); PCBs 74, 99, 118, 126, 138-158, 146, 153, 170, 180, and 187; 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachIoro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD); 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD); octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (
OCDD); and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran (HpCDF)].
birth had lower concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (123678HxCDD), octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (
OCDD), and 1234678HpCDF and higher concentrations of indicator PCBs (congeners 153, 180) and [beta]-HCH than did females of U.S.