Although now Ingrian is the only North Finnic language that has this word for 'sand', the Proto-Finnic status of the word is confirmed by the fact that it was borrowed from a lost North Finnic idiom into
Permic languages: Komi lia, Udmurt luo 'sand' (Saarikivi 2006 : 36).
The other
Permic language, Udmurt, has considerably fewer cognates than Komi (accordingly 173 clear and 53 dubious cognates and 195 clear and 73 dubious), the difference is 22 clear and 20 dubious stems or 11.3% and 27.4% less than in Komi.
Mari is treated in one chapter written by Sirkka Saarinen, the
Permic languages have two chapters, namely Komi by Galina Nekrasova and Marja Leinonen, and Udmurt by Svetlana Edygarova.
The approximative is quite an old and well-established case in
Permic languages, dating back to Common
Permic ([TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 1963: 17-18; Csucs 2005: 184).
Presumably the original meaning was 'stretch' as in
Permic and Ugric, and this gave rise to a more specific meaning stretch or otherwise work something flat and thin'.
In any case, the equation of the Finnic, Mordvin and
Permic words is quite convincing, and the underlying Uralic root can be reconstructed as *pucki-.
Previously the Mordvin and
Permic verbs mentioned above have been compared to SaaN cahpat chop, but the equation has been considered uncertain (UEW 618).
An easily observable structural difference between interrogatives and declaratives in Uralic languages is the change in word order found in Finnic, Saamic and
Permic languages.
However, she will also consider the Finnish, Karelian, Mari and
Permic languages as belonging to this group.
Thus here I only list those languages in which the imperative is accompanied by an unmarked object--subject to the conditions that hold for the indicative--: Vogul, both
Permic languages and--with the exception of Forest Nenets--all Samoyedic languages.
Kortvely will also consider the Finnish, Karelian, Mari and
Permic languages as belonging to this group.
Thus, it looks as if the occurrence of back-vocal variants of Proto-Uralic/ Proto-Finno-Ugric/Proto-Samoyedic reconstructions under observation would only contain back-vocal variants of Volgaic and
Permic negative auxiliary verbs.