Participant was labeled as control [Group-A] when there was no history of HTN and no high blood pressure (more than 150/100 mmHg) on two repeated measurements, no angina according to WHO Rose angina questionnaire,18 no stroke as assessed by
QVSFS,19 no history of DM, CKD, lipid disorder or medication intake.
Inclusion criteria for controls were an age > 52 years and no history of ischemic heart disease or stroke, including transient ischemic attack [Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status (QVSFS) score = 0].
[1] Nonstandard abbreviations: Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); TOAST, Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA, large-artery atherosclerosis; SAO, small-artery occlusion; ME, undetermined due to 2 more causes (multiple etiologies); QVSFS, Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status.