NETs are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that overexpress
SSTRs on their cell surface.
[sup.68]Ga-DOTA peptides bind to
SSTRs, in particular SSTR3 and SSTR5, both of which are usually overexpressed in neuroendocrine cells [24].
The choice to target somatostatin receptors is based on the analysis of expression levels of
SSTRs in relatively small groups of human corticotroph pituitary adenomas ranging from 1 to 13 cases using RT-PCR [17-22] and the experience that had been gained with inhibitory substances in other endocrine tumors and diseases [21].
The role of somatostatin receptors (
SSTRs) as therapeutic targets in pituitary adenomas is well established.[sup][11] SST analogs are reportedly effective in hormonal control of TSHomas and growth hormones (GH)-secreting adenomas.[sup][1],[12],[13]
analyzed 199 surgically removed G1-3 pNETs for their
SSTRs expression (form type 1 to type 5) and its clinical significance.
The expression of 5-H[T.sub.1D]R had a negative correlation with somatostatin (SST) and SST receptors (
SSTR), whereas the expression of 5-H[T.sub.2A]R did not have any correlation with either SST or any of the
SSTRs; this suggests that increased expression of H[T.sub.1D]R in human islet cells, as observed in T2DM islet cells, leads to decreased expression of SST and its receptors.
Due to their neuroendocrine origin GEP-NENs express on their cell surface peptide receptors, such as somatostatin receptors (
sstr) that can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes [20].
Table 2 summarizes the different pathways of
SSTR subtype activation.
Antibodies used to screen for
SSTRs on parasite: Antibodies used to screen for
SSTRs on S.
Somatostatin receptors (
SSTRs) are variably expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors, as demonstrated by autoradiography, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR techniques [17-19].
They exert biological effects by binding to G protein-coupled receptors known as somatostatin receptors (
SSTR), mainly SSTR2 and SSTR5.
The leading clinical application area is oncology with targeted imaging of somatostatin receptors (
SSTR), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), integrin receptors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors (GLP1R), gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR), human epidermal growth factor receptor family (HER2), and pretargeted imaging of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [1, 3, 5].