At too high a cuff pressure, the tracheal mucosa is damaged, resulting in a spectrum of problems: from sore throat to tracheal stenosis to
tracheo-oesophageal fistula. [3] At too low a cuff pressure, leaking makes ventilation difficult, and aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) become more likely.
Non-Respiratory Causes Diagnosis Cases Percentage Birth Asphyxia 26 10.4% Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 3 1.2%
Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula 2 0.8% Congenital Heart Disease 1 0.4% Pierre Robin Sequence 1 0.4% Table 3.
Poppy Dickson spent the first six months of her life in Alder Hey Hospital, after being born with anumber of conditions - including
tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) which means her oesophagus failed to grow, leaving her with a stoma in her neck.
Ndjitoyap, "
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula in highly active antiretroviral therapy patient with AIDS," OA Case Reports, vol.
H-type
tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Arch dis child fetal neonatal Ed 2007; 92(1): F40.
He was born with tetralogy of Fallot - a hole in the heart and defective valves - and
tracheo-oesophageal fistula, a rare defect in which the bottom end of the food pipe is joined to the windpipe.
Lechat, "The epidemiology of
tracheo-oesophageal fistula and oesophageal atresia in Europe.
Anaesthetic and surgical airway management during
tracheo-oesophageal fistula repair.
Investigation of the intraabdominal oesophagus and hiatus in fetal rats with oesophageal atresia and
tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Pediatr Surg Int 2001; 17: 97-100, doi: 10.1007/s003830000456.
Children with congenital gastrointestinal problems, such as
tracheo-oesophageal fistula, will inevitably have difficulty due to the dysmotility of the oesophagus, which persists even after surgical correction.
He had
tracheo-oesophageal fistula, a condition where his oesophagus was joined to his lungs instead of his stomach, and endured major surgery at just 30 hours old to correct the problem.
A
tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) is a communication between the trachea and oesophagus which can be congenital or acquired.