Different methods were used: Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCR; measures the electron transfer in alkaline medium from phenolic and non-phenolic compounds to molybdenum, thereby forming blue complexes), ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP; measures the power to reduce F[e.sup.3+] to F[e.sup.3+]+ ions leading to coloured ferrous complex); trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC; determines the capacity to inhibit 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline)-6-sulfonic acid radical formation compared to trolox) and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP; measures the capacity to prolong lag time of phycoerythrin mediated fluorescence which is disturbed by peroxyl radicals).
[H.sub.2][O.sub.2] ex vivo, Se: serum, TEAC: trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, TRAP: total radical-trapping antioxidant potential, U: urine, [up arrow] Significant increase, [down arrow] significant decrease, [empty set] no significant differences, A changes.
Ox LDL: oxidized LDL, L: leukocytes, M: male, MDA: malondialdehyde, MBH: membrane bound haemoglobin, HMWAg: high molecular weight aggregates, MBH: membrane bound haemoglobin, mo: months, n.m.: not mentioned, NS: non-smoking, P: plasma, RCT: randomized controlled trial, S: Smoking, Se: serum, TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TEAC: trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, U: urine, wk: week, [up arrow] Significant increase, [down arrow] significant decrease, [empty set] no significant differences, [DELTA] changes.
[3] Nonstandard abbreviations: GSH, reduced glutathione; PE, phycoerythrin; AAPH, 2,2'-azobis(2-arnidinopropane) dihydrochloride; Trolox, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; TEAL, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma; ORAL, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; ABTS, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate); PCA, perchloric acid; and Randox-TEAC, Randox
Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity.