Indeed, says Lahav, by measuring clustering properties at large redshifts (up to z = 2), deep surveys "will fill in the gap between the cosmic background radiation ripples of 14 billion years ago and the here and now of the 2dF survey." Two such projects are currently under way: the Lick Observatory DEEP (Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe) survey, which is being carried out with the Keck telescopes in Hawaii and with the Hubble Space Telescope; and the French-Italian
VIRMOS survey running on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile.