riMLF: rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus, iNC: interstitial nucleus of Cajal, CCN: caudal central subnucleus, MLF: medial longitudinal fasciculus, III N: oculomotor nucleus, VI N: abducens nucleus, IO: intraocular muscles, SR: superior rectus muscle, MR: medial rectus muscle, Lid: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle, IR: inferior rectus muscle, and pupil: sphincter pupillae muscles.
The neurons for vertical saccades arise from nuclei in the prerubral fields (top of the brainstem) in front of the red nucleus, in the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) (Fig 2).
The neurons for vertical saccades arise from the riMLF, which lies in the pre-rubral fields in front of the red nucleus.